L’interprétation de Scripta Manent – Roberto Trizio sur « controlled male chastity »
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À noter, la durée de la vidéo est de 00:32:08 secondes et son titre est I Templari. Storia dei leggendari cavalieri del Medioevo, fournis par [vid_author_name]. La description se trouve ci-dessous :« Scopri la vera storia dei Cavalieri Templari, uno degli ordini più affascinanti del Medioevo. Dal loro misterioso esordio a Gerusalemme fino all’arresto e alla fine drammatica in Francia, questo video ti porta attraverso imprese eroiche, privilegi papali, leggende e processi che hanno alimentato il mito dei Templari nei secoli successivi.
Analizzeremo le fonti storiche autentiche e i racconti dei grandi cronisti medievali, per distinguere tra realtà e leggenda.
CAPITOLI
00:00 Introduzione
01:10 Dei monaci guerrieri
08:27 Gradi e gerarchie dei Templari
21:01 Una superpotenza finanziaria
25:29 Il declino e lo scioglimento ».
Grâce à sa portée mondiale, YouTube permet à chacun de découvrir des vidéos captivantes traitant de multiples thématiques tout en garantissant un environnement sécurisé. C’est une plateforme idéale pour explorer des idées originales et dialoguer de manière constructive.
Intégrer la chasteté dans sa routine quotidienne.
Les hommes qui choisissent la chasteté peuvent se tourner vers plusieurs méthodes. Il est crucial de débuter par une introspection approfondie pour saisir ses propres motivations et valeurs. Éviter les situations susceptibles de provoquer des désirs incontrôlés, comme les médias sexuels, peut aider. Pour rester sur le bon chemin, chercher un mentor ou un groupe de soutien partageant les mêmes valeurs est conseillé. Dans une société saturée par la sexualité, pratiquer la chasteté peut présenter des difficultés. Parmi les défis, on trouve la pression sociale et les tentations constantes. Pour faire face à ces défis, il est essentiel d’avoir une discipline personnelle stricte. Ne pas se décourager après une chute et recommencer avec une volonté fraîche est crucial. La chasteté est un chemin de vie nécessitant patience et persévérance, pas un état de perfection. En somme, intégrer la chasteté dans sa vie peut mener à une liberté accrue, une meilleure maîtrise de soi et un épanouissement spirituel profond. Bien qu’elle puisse sembler restrictive dans un monde où la sexualité est souvent plus valorisée que la spiritualité, la chasteté offre une voie vers une vie plus authentique, fidèle à ses valeurs et sa foi.
Saisir le concept de chasteté dans le cadre contemporain. Définir et comprendre la chasteté dans un cadre contemporain.
La chasteté, en essence, représente la maîtrise de soi dans le domaine sexuel. La chasteté ne se réduit pas simplement à l’abstinence, mais à une gestion volontaire des désirs sexuels dans un cadre éthique ou spirituel. La chasteté dans le monde moderne est davantage une question d’orienter les désirs vers des buts plus élevés comme le respect de soi et des autres. Pour un homme d’aujourd’hui, la chasteté n’est pas une question de renoncer au plaisir, mais de choisir comment vivre sa sexualité.
Évaluer les effets de la chasteté sur les relations interpersonnelles et familiales.
Les effets de la chasteté se manifestent aussi dans les relations sociales. Avec une cage de chasteté, un homme restaure ses aptitudes séductrices et change sa façon d’interagir avec ses partenaires. Durant l’acte, les capacités physiques et sexuelles de l’individu deviennent plus puissantes puisqu’elles sont sollicitées moins souvent. Il est possible de pratiquer la chasteté en toute discrétion, sans nécessairement dévoiler le secret à ses partenaires. Dans le mariage, la pratique de la chasteté peut consolider les relations entre les partenaires en favorisant un amour plus vrai, éloigné du plaisir corporel.
La chasteté apporte des avantages notables pour le bien-être personnel et moral. L’impact de la chasteté sur le bien-être personnel et moral mérite une analyse approfondie.
L’effet de la chasteté sur le bien-être personnel est profond avec une pratique consciente. La chasteté améliore la maîtrise de soi, la clarté mentale, et la paix intérieure en respectant les convictions morales. Cette pratique conduit à une relation plus harmonieuse entre l’homme, son corps et ses désirs. La maîtrise de soi acquise par la chasteté procure une liberté accrue en libérant des pulsions et des pressions sociales liées à la sexualité. En cultivant la chasteté, on développe un sens de pureté morale qui renforce la dignité et l’estime de soi. Les impacts psychologiques de la chasteté sont significatifs. La chasteté permet aux individus de renforcer leur confiance en eux et de mieux affronter les défis.
Plonger dans les origines historiques et culturelles de la chasteté.
La chasteté a des racines profondes dans de nombreuses traditions religieuses et culturelles. Dans la tradition chrétienne, le vœu de continence des prêtres et religieux est souvent lié à la chasteté. En islam et dans les Églises catholique et orthodoxe, la chasteté est élevée comme une vertu cruciale pour les religieux et les laïcs, notamment avant le mariage. L’Antiquité attribuait à la chasteté le rôle de préserver l’intégrité personnelle et la pureté morale. Ainsi, la chasteté va au-delà des périodes historiques et des cultures, se maintenant comme une vertu respectée.
La chasteté : Une vertu redécouverte pour l’homme contemporain.
La chasteté est considérée comme une vertu taboue dans notre époque actuelle. Adopter la chasteté peut conduire à une paix intérieure plus vaste, à des relations plus solides et à une connexion spirituelle plus intense pour ses pratiquants. La chasteté était plus couramment acceptée et discutée autrefois.Cette pagetraite en profondeur du sujet de la chasteté . Cet article propose une exploration approfondie de la chasteté et donne aux hommes les moyens de comprendre et de pratiquer cette vertu dans leur vie quotidienne.
La spiritualité est souvent enrichie par la pratique de la chasteté.
Pour beaucoup de traditions religieuses, la chasteté est une voie spirituelle. Pour le christianisme, la chasteté est un moyen de se rapprocher de la divinité. La gestion des désirs sexuels contribue à un meilleur bien-être intérieur. La chasteté est vue comme un acte de respect divin et une offrande de soi. Dans ce contexte, la chasteté est vue comme un choix pour élever l’âme plutôt qu’une simple privation. Les différentes religions ont des perspectives variées sur la chasteté. La vertu de chasteté est primordiale pour les prêtres dans le christianisme catholique. L’islam valorise la chasteté en établissant des règles rigoureuses pour réguler la sexualité. Les ascètes en hindouisme et bouddhisme pratiquent la chasteté pour parvenir à l’illumination. À travers les religions, la chasteté forge une quête commune parmi les croyants.
FAQ à propos de la Chasteté.
La chasteté est-elle exclusivement pour les religieux ? La chasteté n’est pas exclusive aux personnes religieuses; elle peut aussi concerner des laïcs. Quelle est la distinction entre chasteté et abstinence ? L’abstinence se réfère spécifiquement aux vœux de ne pas avoir de relations sexuelles. La chasteté se caractérise par l’utilisation de dispositifs tels que des ceintures ou cages, et suit une approche de développement similaire à un entraînement. Quelles sont les pratiques de chasteté dans le cadre du mariage ? La chasteté dans les couples mariés est généralement discutée et partagée, avec des accords entre les partenaires sur la manière de la vivre. Quelle est la valeur de la chasteté dans les enseignements de l’Église ? L’Église attache une grande importance à la chasteté car elle est perçue comme essentielle pour une vie chrétienne authentique. Quel est l’impact de la chasteté sur l’épanouissement personnel ? La pratique de la chasteté favorise l’épanouissement personnel en développant la maîtrise de soi, la clarté mentale et la paix intérieure.
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#Templari #Storia #dei #leggendari #cavalieri #del #Medioevo
Retranscription des paroles de la vidéo: Hello Knights, with this greeting Updated and dedicated to the medieval world, We also started a documentary series on Middle Ages to enlarge our Horizons and let’s start from the Knights Templars. First we will see who they are and why. They are born. We will also see that they have had moments Of great glory during the Crusades, but We will also see the situation in which a At some point in the Middle Ages, they became a Great economic power, a little Forerunners of a large banking group, Finally coming to their crisis because There is a Crisis until its final dissolution. So first we have to understand The origin of the Templars, who are one of the The greatest symbols of the Middle Ages, the Templar Knight. It all started after the First Crusade. The First Crusade, and here is the link to Documentary Where Ve I will explain it in detail, procure how Result The Birth in the Holy Land So-called crusader states and we see them in This map. We have the Kingdom of Jerusalem, The first and most important, the Tripoli County, The Principality of Antioch, County of Edessa The Armenian Principality of Cilicia. Since The Constitution of these Crusader States He understands that there is a great The need to protect The Territories from Muslim incursions. But also Protecting the tens of thousands Pilgrims from Europe every year They go in Pilgrimage to the Holy Land. And so this is an important requirement, Urgent, deep. Then it comes on a specific date, that is, in 1119, a French knight named Hugo di Payne, with 8 others His colleagues, who have an idea. To establish real Guards Of the body with the aim of protecting Christian pilgrims going to the Holy Land. And then, Attention, an idea arises to create a Mixed order, i.e. Which has two great levels. They are monks, so they must Obey and respect precise precepts, Like poverty. He Vow of chastity, that of obedience, Of the Catholic Church, then They are monks in all respects and They take vows for life, but At the same time they are also Knights, that is, they are soldiers who It is their duty to fight against the Infidels. So he joins In the idea of this New order. The concept of the monk, but also the Concept of the warrior. And then This idea caught on immediately because It solves a very urgent problem for Crusader states. And this new order finds support in the king Of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Baldwin, Which gives him a seat. Prestigious. In the former Al Aqsa Mosque, of course it was It was conquered by the Crusaders, which It was very important because it would have been Built on the ruins of the Temple of Jerusalem. It is therefore a Place. Extremely Symbolically, of great importance. E Then this was born Order that Originally, in his name Extended, It was called Poor Comrades in Arms Christ and the Temple of Jerusalem. Clearly, however, this initial name, That is the name Extended and communicating their function, Abbreviated to Templars Why? The various orders often took their name from Place where they were based and therefore if there is The Temple of Jerusalem Automatically become Templars and that’s it Because we know them that way today. So it is This new order was born, but Attention. ha. There is a fundamental problem, that is, there is a Important theological question to be resolved Which is not secondary, that is, it must be Living with the fact that they are monks with They are knights. Also. Rather we will see with heavy armor that They fight, because clearly the figure Of the monk who preaches the good, who lives A life of chastity, of poverty, is Totally incompatible with That of the warrior. There may be Monks and kill. So this is actually a Disquisition, a very theological problem Important. So here it comes, it comes into play. Nei Early years of Knights Templars Get in the game A great medieval theologian who is Bernard From Clairvaux. Bernardo da Chiaravalle, who is It is also essential for the Conception of the Second Crusade. Here is another documentary at the Second Crusade. He is the one who finds some sort of solution. Solution would be to, Let’s say, make a deep and also Convoluted reasoning For Which he comes to establish, a Define the concept of maliciousness. I mean, he says, When an infidel is killed, When you kill a man Evil, he’s not killing himself so much The human being, but one kills the evil that alberga Inside of Him. So in a sense they become Warriors of Christ, that is, one is authorized Christ to kill. Clearly it is very Argumentative, but actually for the Time, for medieval culture solves a Important problem and therefore in the face of This first delicate step For the order Of the Templars, there is a need to arrive To an official recognition so that you can Operate legally and officially on behalf of. Catholic Church. And then Here we are, after a few years of great Diplomatic negotiations, missions to Rome, of an important work, we arrive in 1129 At the Council of Troyes. The Council of Troyes is a very important Council. Important because during this Council Acknowledgement finally takes place Officer of the Order The Templars and That is, they are an order recognized by Church of Rome and was given A rule that is based on the Rule of St. Blessed and that So it will clearly organize the lives of the The Knights Templar This Council and immediately the year After and in the early years Next. To the great recognition. Then there are further steps forward In the constitution of the order. Because there are a series of papal bulls Which we summarize here, but which reinforce Further order, because from One side They take away some taxes and gabels that They should have paid. So there are a number of Important tax exemptions that allow Also economically to the order of Thrive. E Then? They also arrive, always in the same Papal bulls, a whole series of privileges Which gives a great autonomy to the riders Templars, a great autonomy compared to the Regular clergy. It also creates, you might say, a kind of An alternative order to the regular clergy that has The bridle is loose, then You can move and you can act and you can officiate The sacraments with great freedom. And this actually, by the way, creates A sort of envy which, as we shall see, will be the Basis of their decline. Before continuing regardless From the subject of the documentary, I know one thing. Any enthusiast of Roman history of the world would give everything What you have to live 15 minutes in Ancient Rome, that is, to teleport 15 Minutes. In ancient Rome, written mannent. He doesn’t have that strength yet, though. Be careful, you can do the same. A journey through time, in Fifteenth century, a well-known engraver, hartmann schedell. He put himself in an elevated position, Observed The City of Rome and created this, that is, a reproduction Faithful and beautiful Rome seen from above in the 15th century Century. And it’s like seeing Rome in the fifteenth Century, that is, how to be there at that time. For example, this is the Colosseum. Here’s the Pantheon, you see, there’s the Initial colonnade and then the Big perfect dome. This is the column of Marcus Aurelius. Going further to the right, you see, this is Castel Sant ‘Angelo, that is, what is the Mausoleum of Hadrian. This is the Wall that connected it to the Vatican, that Which today we call Passetto di Borgo. E This is the Vatican Basilica. You will say, but it has nothing to do with it, because The shape of the Vatican Basilica is like this. No, because at that time, in In the 15th century, it still had the form. It was built by Emperor Constantine. What you see is not even one. Building, a house with a high roof. This is a pyramid. It was called the Vatican Pyramid. He had been Romulus was buried there and was in Connection with the Pyramid Cestia which still exists today. So as you can see, there’s a wonderful Trip. In Rome 15th century. Only on trizioeditore.it You can buy this wonderful Map so imagine to be There in the fifteenth century observing Rome. I am The Knights Templar were born, We need to dig a little deeper The organization they had and especially The hierarchy of these knights who We saw they were bodyguards Pilgrims in the Crusader States. They are generally members of the defense. Of the Holy Land. So let’s start, let’s say, with a real Own hierarchical ranking To understand how they were structured by Steps Lower to the top step. The lowest level is Represented by the so-called brothers Servants. Servant brothers are those who They clean the kitchens. They clean the stables, they make the Farmers, that is, they are the Lower step, do the heavy work, The most humble jobs. And yet they are the basis of operation, As we shall see, the commands, that is, the Places where the Knights Templar lived. Over the Servant Brothers The so-called armies arrive, That I am Practically squadrons, that is, they were Assistants of the Knights Templar. And they had to always protect and keep Maintenance Their armor, their horse and therefore They are real assistants of the Knight. The next step is occupied by Brothers of Craft. They are always humble workers. They already have a specialization because they are Craftsmen. So there’s the blacksmith, the cooper. The tailor, the expert in making the Armor and therefore there is already a certain Craftsmanship much appreciated in This order, if we go further up and see The intermediate grades. On this hierarchical scale we find The fighting brothers. These are basically units of Light cavalry, then on the field of Battle has the task of making The avant-garde, to go ahead discovery or To bring Of messages and therefore they are also As complementary units. We climb another step and arrive at the Chaplains. Chaplains, on the other hand, because of their dual nature Templars, that is, monks and fighters and Warriors, take care of the part Spiritual, that is Those who give the sacraments. Ensure that the spiritual life of Every Templar is always controlled and Cured, and these are the 2nd intermediates Order of the Templars. We get to the upper grades. And here we have the knight, he’s a Rider with all the equipment of Heavy cavalry and is clearly the Symbol of the Templar Order, also The one who obviously has the greatest number, Because he is the main fighter on the Battlefield and can obviously have Different functions, that is, it can protect, Escort, attack and therefore that’s what Everyone in the collective imagination We know. Above the knights come the so-called Commanders or Commanders. Who are the Commanders? Because La Commenda is the place where the Knight Templar or a group of knights Templars, the Commander is what he is He is in charge of the command and is also The person in charge of those small units Territories in which they are organized Knights Templar. It has administrative functions of A certain importance. At the next level come the Visitors. Visitors who are actually Inspectors who are then sent, as We’ll see, from the Grand Master, so give it to them High hierarchies of the Knights Templar. They are the inspectors who, at the command of the great Teachers can carry out inspections. To see if under the spiritual aspect, Organizational and military everything responds to. Rule that the Templars must constantly Follow and with the visitors close the The so-called grades Superiors. Then going up again and a End there are the vertices of the order Gods Templars. The first figure is that of Marshal. The Marshal within the Templars is The head of training of Knights and therefore has an enormous function: it is The one who trains the new Knights Templar From the future. It can also be considered the supreme Military leader, who then Basically, it also determines tactics. On the battlefield. It has a purely military function. Of great importance, the summit Military, let’s say, of the Templars. Let’s go one step further and We find the so-called siniscalco, which It is a figure That It evolves into the figure of the great Commander, then in the course of It has changed its name for decades, but the Its main function is to be First the Deputy Grand Master and then He is the one who holds the administration. Central of Templars, which is no small matter at all, Because then we will see how the Templars They are also becoming an economic powerhouse. After the siniscalco is higher than Seneschal and superior to all, comes the Great. Master of the Order of the Templars, who Would be the highest authority, he is appointed And holds the charge for life and So clearly the point of Reference to all the order of Templars. So be careful, you notice. As I had anticipated before in this Hierarchical scale are joined by Purely military hierarchies, but also Simultaneously monastic and religious, Because it is an order that unites These two elements. The Order of the Knights Templar clearly It has a secular life, so it’s huge, but also Very difficult to put everything together in one Speech. If you want to see the expansion Of the Templar Order, It can be summed up in some successes. Military. First of all, the Templars develop a lot Quickly, acquire territory, have a Very widespread control in the states Crusaders. They can also be compared to Police forces today for their Territorial presence, for capillarity, Because they are present in the various Villages, even in the smallest towns, There is a ramification on the Deep territory. And we can say that at the military level, In addition to security, we These are two great moments during the Crusades in which their function is Really. Important. The first historical moment, in fact, is between The First and Second Crusades, the King of Jerusalem Baldwin the Fourth, who is one of the figures More important, more Of the Crusader States. We’re going to make a documentary, it’s a Great ruler because at only 16 years old. It was an absolute phenomenon, and although it was Sick with leprosy and therefore He had a physical condition. Precarious, it proves A great leader and in Detail of the Battle of Montguisard In 1177 he faced one of his greatest enemies. Of the Crusader States, that is, the General Saladin. He was a general Kurdish that is It was a nightmare for the states. Crusaders. And beware, in this battle of Montguisard which has passed To the History, King Baldwin IV with only 2000 Crusaders, including of course the Templars, suddenly attack The Army Saladin who had Little More than 30,000 soldiers. So this is an action Tremendous courage, which It totally takes the Saved by Saladin. It also generates in Saladin an enormous respect For King Baldwin, who accomplished An extraordinary feat and therefore, In the context of subsequent clashes, He will save the kingdom of Jerusalem and the It will provide some protection. In this battle, the greatest Battle of King Baldwin IV and one of the The greatest achievements of the Crusaders in the Holy Land. The Templars were under the king’s orders. Baldwin IV and had a function Especially important to protect him. And in the management of territory. If we want to find another point, Another very moment in history Important for the Templars, certainly the The Third Crusade, the Battle The Battle of Arsouf occurred in 1191. On the one hand, we have a large Reigning, the King of England Richard Cuor Of Lion, That At the moment you are traveling with the His army in the Holy Land comes again Attacked by Saladin. Initially, a series of small Attacks, small guerrilla maneuvers Against the column of the English king, but then Make an important attack of Grosse Dimensions against the team. Christianity, and here we know from sources Ancient people who tell us in a way In other words, the Knights Templar They were in the front of the Drive column on the left side and They defend in an extraordinary way. Effective from the attack of Saladin the King English, and therefore They are then fundamental In their defense of the left flank for The victory that Riccardo Cuor will obtain Lion at the Battle of Arsouf. So, As you can see, the Templars are now part of Part of the Crusader armies. Participate in every possible situation, Even with roles of extreme trust. That is, they were also troops, and that was not It is to be underestimated that the troops on Which one could count, which would not Betrayed, that they would not escape or that They would not have Quarreled among them. Which for those who know the Crusades is not Definitely a secondary factor. However, there is a parenthesis that we must Open to the economic aspect, that is, we We have seen that the Knights Templars are monks, they are gods. Warriors, So being The Military And being Even the bodyguards of the pellegrini, there would be no theory Reasons to consider them a power Economical. And instead it is not Like this. In the sense that after a few decades of Their foundation, the Order of the Templars He begins to accumulate extraordinary Riches. The first Motivation lies in Christian culture Medieval, to make Donations or in your will, Donate your own The Catholic Church guarantees Access to paradise. So they start to be a whole series Donations to the Order of the Templars Part of thousands of believers, Christians Catholics, too, are beginning to Creating a real and Own heritage of the Templars that It expands rapidly during the Decades. There is then It should also be noted that very often the The Templars bought land, They were also landowners. In many parts of Europe and Of the Holy Land. And therefore being landowners He then allowed them to have laborers who They worked the land and allowed him to Sell agricultural products. So basically the Templars become Also a kind of agricultural entrepreneur Who sells the Surplus and also earns a lot from this Activities he has. There is Then the speech that the Templars, being present in the various Cities, even the smallest ones, They inevitably go into business. And so they manage, for example, the markets Local, invest in trade, Mainly in the Middle East, high-profile products, Luxury products. So the Templar is also a great Trader who draws Considerable profit from the trade of the whole That very rich area. And then you even get to. Establish by the Templars of real Financial services, based on As I said before, they were the Dwellings, the basic places of various Knights Templar. They set up institutions Funds for which they serve as cash Deposits and loans, not just the Individual, maybe I don’t know citizen or subject, But also the aristocrats, the others Knights, even kings, They put their property in the hands of the Templars. The Templars provide, grant loans with Interest rates also quite Interesting to them and thus become a Sort of precursors of banking products Which allow him To grow and earn more and more. They even earn. In what way? Let’s say they invent one Sort of check, that is, when there were Aristocrats in Europe The Christian Church They wanted to go to the Holy Land, it was It is dangerous for them to bring one. A bunch of money in territories like this Far away. What did the aristocrat do? Warrior prince? The notable was in Europe’s own money to a Representative of the Templars. That gave him a title. Credit that may well be Compared to a check and then He went to the Holy Land to collect it. As you can see, the Templars are They are practically able to process Economic and Financial Instruments Very advanced for their time, and That’s why. The Templar Order becomes Really. A structure Economic, and in fact become an Of the most powerful economic entities of the Middle Ages. And that makes you understand the Their earnings, they begin to Make loans or hold money, For example, the King of France and the King From England. They themselves make loans to the saint Seat, therefore They became the main medieval bankers. With the ability to manage assets Immense. And this is the moment of maximum splendor And of maximum power of the Templar Order, Who is a great spiritual protagonist, Warrior and at this point also Financial. In spite of this great glory and Enormous results, however, as the History of the Templars? That is, because there is the Decline Of such a powerful structure, organized And branched? He This, let’s say, is related to the History, that is, during the Crusades, hand Hand, the crusader states fall one after another The other is in the hands of Muslims. With the loss of the Crusader States, with the The loss of these Christian kingdoms. And therefore with the thinning of territories Under the control of the Crusaders. The Order of the Templars is also Find in Difficulty. Serious because that function is lost Military Protection of States and Protection of the pilgrims who was the Reason for their birth. No, as I explained before. So at this point the Order of the Templars He is in trouble and there are Important problems. So first of all there is this huge, Gigantic wealth that makes you envious To the mighty of the earth, that is, to. The King of France, the King Of England, perhaps even the Holy See Start to see with a little Distrust, that is, they do not fully trust Of this enormous, mighty order. It should be noted that over the decades Their reputation is also beginning to Have a meltdown, because if they come first Considered great knights to protect Of the Holy Land. Rumors are also spreading The people, that there is a mass of Corrupts that use, Let’s say, the Circumstances only to enrich themselves. Then heavy ones begin to be born. Suspicions about the Order of the Templars. Enemies begin to arise, A deep envy. Even the ordinary clergy, as I had you Anticipated at the beginning, he doesn’t really see the Templars of good eye, Because he can’t control them, because They have extraordinary autonomy. And then over time the situation Degenerates, but there is a ruler, a king, the king of France, which will be basically Define it a little Killer of the Templars who is Philip the Handsome. King Philip IV the Fair, King of France, had A serious problem: the crates The State were He was heavily indebted to the Templars and therefore no longer knew how Manage the situation. And then A little for envy, a little for fear Of their power and for matters purely Economic. He thinks of attacking, of disarticulating The Order of the Templars to appropriate the Their goods. So, as you can see, there are several Reasons. And then there is a very precise date, the 13th October 1307. There is a kind of blitz with which the officers Highest and Lieutenants of the King of France Suddenly they arrest in several cities And in several territories the main Members of the Templar Order. It should also be noted that the Not our custom, the Common place for which Friday the 13th brings bad luck, born Exactly from this one. There is From this Friday, October 13, 1307 which was dramatic for The Order of the Templars and therefore from this Historical moment Precise then it is Consolidated idea that Friday the 13th It’s a black day. We know from ancient chronicles that the The Templars did not resist, at least in France, but this blitz happened Which shocked Europe. And he started aside for The precise and clear will of Philip the Fair. He started a process where there were Very serious accusations. They were accused of being heretics. To practice superstition, to practice Something secret that escapes and It was a serious violation of Catholic rules. There were great accusations of immorality. And so it is clear that with these accusations The order is very serious The Templars were shaken to the core. There is also an interesting thing. The historian Franco Cardini observes, Let’s look at the manuscripts with the Reports of these processes that are Survived to this day, We see that the depositions of the suspects They look very similar, so you understand. These were organized trials. Among other things, the men of Philip the Fair Do not hesitate to use the Torture to extract confessions, a Sometimes they extort them by violence, But sometimes the Templars were objectively Guilty of various misdeeds of having Violated the order, so definitely There were major faults. These tortures confirmed all The accusations and thus the order, at least In France, it was practically Disarticulated. It wasn’t. in All European countries, for example in The Templars were protected by More, in Italy too. But. The blow had already been In the following years Philip Beauty is starting to put pressure Great pressure, really. Important about the then pontiff Pope Clement V. Clement V is therefore essentially Forced, also for political reasons, to In turn, it opens a long Process against the whole order Templars. And this is a bit for the Templars. Like, ruin. A massacre, because the process is Very long. The great Templar officers are coming He was repeatedly found guilty and The years really begin. Depressing, heavy, Deadly for the Order of the Templars. In fact, it must be said that one Great Some of the accusations are also confirmed and So you get to a Pretty tragic epilogue for this order Which is in 1312, with the papal bull vox in excelso, comes The dissolution of the Order of Templars and therefore clearly following This dissolution also has a whole Clearly confiscate their property and a Redistribution. Of these goods that To a large extent, they will go The King of France, who may be a Little considered The architect of the end of the great and Glorious for the Catholic Order Templars. .
Déroulement de la vidéo:
0.04 Hello Knights, with this greeting Updated and dedicated to the medieval world, We also started a documentary series on Middle Ages to enlarge our
5.36 Horizons and let’s start from the Knights Templars.
15.4 First we will see who they are and why. They are born. We will also see that they have had moments
21.36 Of great glory during the Crusades, but We will also see the situation in which a At some point in the Middle Ages, they became a
28.56 Great economic power, a little Forerunners of a large banking group, Finally coming to their crisis because
36.0 There is a Crisis until its final dissolution.
73.96 So first we have to understand The origin of the Templars, who are one of the The greatest symbols of the Middle Ages, the
80.52 Templar Knight. It all started after the First Crusade. The First Crusade, and here is the link to
87.36 Documentary Where Ve I will explain it in detail, procure how Result The Birth in the Holy Land
94.8 So-called crusader states and we see them in This map. We have the Kingdom of Jerusalem,
99.88 The first and most important, the Tripoli County, The Principality of Antioch, County of Edessa
108.88 The Armenian Principality of Cilicia. Since The Constitution of these Crusader States
114.6 He understands that there is a great The need to protect The Territories from
120.16 Muslim incursions. But also Protecting the tens of thousands Pilgrims from Europe every year
128.56 They go in Pilgrimage to the Holy Land. And so this is an important requirement,
134.48 Urgent, deep. Then it comes on a specific date, that is, in
139.76 1119, a French knight named Hugo di Payne, with 8 others
147.28 His colleagues, who have an idea. To establish real Guards
152.88 Of the body with the aim of protecting Christian pilgrims going to the Holy Land.
158.44 And then, Attention, an idea arises to create a Mixed order, i.e.
163.84 Which has two great levels. They are monks, so they must
169.6 Obey and respect precise precepts, Like poverty.
176.28 He Vow of chastity, that of obedience, Of the Catholic Church, then They are monks in all respects and
183.2 They take vows for life, but At the same time they are also
189.68 Knights, that is, they are soldiers who It is their duty to fight against the Infidels.
195.0 So he joins In the idea of this New order. The concept of the monk, but also the
201.96 Concept of the warrior. And then This idea caught on immediately because It solves a very urgent problem for
208.64 Crusader states. And this new order finds support in the king
214.76 Of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Baldwin, Which gives him a seat.
221.44 Prestigious. In the former Al Aqsa Mosque, of course it was It was conquered by the Crusaders, which
228.24 It was very important because it would have been Built on the ruins of the Temple of
234.08 Jerusalem. It is therefore a Place. Extremely Symbolically, of great importance. E
240.0 Then this was born Order that Originally, in his name Extended,
246.8 It was called Poor Comrades in Arms Christ and the Temple of Jerusalem.
252.04 Clearly, however, this initial name, That is the name Extended and communicating their function,
258.16 Abbreviated to Templars Why? The various orders often took their name from
264.52 Place where they were based and therefore if there is The Temple of Jerusalem Automatically become Templars and that’s it
271.16 Because we know them that way today. So it is This new order was born, but
276.48 Attention. ha. There is a fundamental problem, that is, there is a
281.6 Important theological question to be resolved Which is not secondary, that is, it must be
287.2 Living with the fact that they are monks with They are knights. Also. Rather we will see with heavy armor that
295.32 They fight, because clearly the figure Of the monk who preaches the good, who lives
300.8 A life of chastity, of poverty, is Totally incompatible with That of the warrior.
306.28 There may be Monks and kill. So this is actually a Disquisition, a very theological problem
313.08 Important. So here it comes, it comes into play. Nei Early years of
319.04 Knights Templars Get in the game
324.64 A great medieval theologian who is Bernard From Clairvaux. Bernardo da Chiaravalle, who is
329.92 It is also essential for the Conception of the Second Crusade. Here is another documentary at the
336.32 Second Crusade. He is the one who finds some sort of solution. Solution would be to,
341.84 Let’s say, make a deep and also Convoluted reasoning For
347.68 Which he comes to establish, a Define the concept of maliciousness. I mean, he says,
353.52 When an infidel is killed, When you kill a man Evil, he’s not killing himself so much
359.52 The human being, but one kills the evil that alberga Inside of
365.68 Him. So in a sense they become Warriors of Christ, that is, one is authorized
371.92 Christ to kill. Clearly it is very Argumentative, but actually for the
378.96 Time, for medieval culture solves a Important problem and therefore in the face of
384.88 This first delicate step For the order Of the Templars, there is a need to arrive
390.44 To an official recognition so that you can Operate legally and officially on behalf of.
397.28 Catholic Church. And then Here we are, after a few years of great
403.2 Diplomatic negotiations, missions to Rome, of an important work, we arrive in
408.8 1129 At the Council of Troyes. The Council of Troyes is a very important Council.
415.88 Important because during this Council Acknowledgement finally takes place
422.4 Officer of the Order The Templars and That is, they are an order recognized by Church of Rome and was given
429.76 A rule that is based on the Rule of St. Blessed and that So it will clearly organize the lives of the
439.2 The Knights Templar This Council and immediately the year After and in the early years
445.04 Next. To the great recognition. Then there are further steps forward In the constitution of the order.
451.48 Because there are a series of papal bulls Which we summarize here, but which reinforce
457.76 Further order, because from One side They take away some taxes and gabels that
463.0 They should have paid. So there are a number of Important tax exemptions that allow
468.84 Also economically to the order of Thrive. E Then?
474.04 They also arrive, always in the same Papal bulls, a whole series of privileges Which gives a great autonomy to the riders Templars, a great autonomy compared to the
479.52 Regular clergy.
486.84 It also creates, you might say, a kind of An alternative order to the regular clergy that has
492.56 The bridle is loose, then You can move and you can act and you can officiate The sacraments with great freedom.
499.24 And this actually, by the way, creates A sort of envy which, as we shall see, will be the
504.48 Basis of their decline. Before continuing regardless
513.6 From the subject of the documentary, I know one thing. Any enthusiast of
518.88 Roman history of the world would give everything What you have to live 15 minutes in
525.48 Ancient Rome, that is, to teleport 15 Minutes. In ancient Rome, written mannent.
530.76 He doesn’t have that strength yet, though. Be careful, you can do the same. A journey through time, in
537.68 Fifteenth century, a well-known engraver, hartmann schedell.
543.28 He put himself in an elevated position, Observed The City of Rome and created this, that is, a reproduction
551.52 Faithful and beautiful Rome seen from above in the 15th century Century.
557.16 And it’s like seeing Rome in the fifteenth Century, that is, how to be there at that time. For example, this is the Colosseum.
564.24 Here’s the Pantheon, you see, there’s the Initial colonnade and then the
569.36 Big perfect dome. This is the column of Marcus Aurelius. Going further to the right, you see, this is
576.0 Castel Sant ‘Angelo, that is, what is the Mausoleum of Hadrian. This is the
581.36 Wall that connected it to the Vatican, that Which today we call Passetto di Borgo. E
586.4 This is the Vatican Basilica. You will say, but it has nothing to do with it, because
591.8 The shape of the Vatican Basilica is like this. No, because at that time, in In the 15th century, it still had the form.
598.92 It was built by Emperor Constantine. What you see is not even one. Building, a house with a high roof.
607.68 This is a pyramid. It was called the Vatican Pyramid.
613.12 He had been Romulus was buried there and was in
618.4 Connection with the Pyramid Cestia which still exists today. So as you can see, there’s a wonderful
625.36 Trip. In Rome 15th century. Only on trizioeditore.it
631.2 You can buy this wonderful Map so imagine to be There in the fifteenth century observing Rome.
644.08 I am The Knights Templar were born,
650.6 We need to dig a little deeper The organization they had and especially The hierarchy of these knights who
657.0 We saw they were bodyguards Pilgrims in the Crusader States. They are generally members of the defense.
663.52 Of the Holy Land. So let’s start, let’s say, with a real Own hierarchical ranking To understand how they were structured by
670.8 Steps Lower to the top step. The lowest level is
676.24 Represented by the so-called brothers Servants. Servant brothers are those who They clean the kitchens.
685.72 They clean the stables, they make the Farmers, that is, they are the Lower step, do the heavy work,
692.88 The most humble jobs. And yet they are the basis of operation, As we shall see, the commands, that is, the
698.96 Places where the Knights Templar lived. Over the Servant Brothers The so-called armies arrive,
705.36 That I am Practically squadrons, that is, they were Assistants of the Knights Templar.
712.2 And they had to always protect and keep Maintenance Their armor, their horse and therefore
718.4 They are real assistants of the Knight. The next step is occupied by Brothers of
724.64 Craft. They are always humble workers.
730.48 They already have a specialization because they are Craftsmen. So there’s the blacksmith, the cooper. The tailor, the expert in making the
737.8 Armor and therefore there is already a certain Craftsmanship much appreciated in This order, if we go further up and see
744.04 The intermediate grades.
750.44 On this hierarchical scale we find The fighting brothers.
756.12 These are basically units of Light cavalry, then on the field of Battle has the task of making
762.92 The avant-garde, to go ahead discovery or To bring Of messages and therefore they are also
769.68 As complementary units. We climb another step and arrive at the
776.08 Chaplains. Chaplains, on the other hand, because of their dual nature Templars, that is, monks and fighters and
782.92 Warriors, take care of the part Spiritual, that is Those who give the sacraments.
788.04 Ensure that the spiritual life of Every Templar is always controlled and
794.08 Cured, and these are the 2nd intermediates Order of the Templars.
801.16 We get to the upper grades. And here we have the knight, he’s a Rider with all the equipment of
808.64 Heavy cavalry and is clearly the Symbol of the Templar Order, also
814.4 The one who obviously has the greatest number, Because he is the main fighter on the Battlefield and can obviously have
820.88 Different functions, that is, it can protect, Escort, attack and therefore that’s what
826.28 Everyone in the collective imagination We know. Above the knights come the so-called
831.8 Commanders or Commanders. Who are the Commanders? Because La Commenda is the place where the
841.32 Knight Templar or a group of knights Templars, the Commander is what he is He is in charge of the command and is also
849.08 The person in charge of those small units Territories in which they are organized
854.72 Knights Templar. It has administrative functions of A certain importance.
860.04 At the next level come the Visitors. Visitors who are actually
867.44 Inspectors who are then sent, as We’ll see, from the Grand Master, so give it to them High hierarchies of the Knights Templar.
874.72 They are the inspectors who, at the command of the great Teachers can carry out inspections.
880.12 To see if under the spiritual aspect, Organizational and military everything responds to.
885.76 Rule that the Templars must constantly Follow and with the visitors close the The so-called grades
892.16 Superiors. Then going up again and a End there are the vertices of the order
898.24 Gods Templars. The first figure is that of Marshal. The Marshal within the Templars is
905.28 The head of training of Knights and therefore has an enormous function: it is
911.52 The one who trains the new Knights Templar From the future. It can also be considered the supreme
917.0 Military leader, who then Basically, it also determines tactics. On the battlefield. It has a purely military function. Of great importance, the summit
923.08 Military, let’s say, of the Templars.
932.52 Let’s go one step further and We find the so-called siniscalco, which It is a figure
938.36 That It evolves into the figure of the great Commander, then in the course of It has changed its name for decades, but the
944.92 Its main function is to be First the Deputy Grand Master and then He is the one who holds the administration.
951.8 Central of Templars, which is no small matter at all, Because then we will see how the Templars
957.12 They are also becoming an economic powerhouse. After the siniscalco is higher than Seneschal and superior to all, comes the Great.
965.04 Master of the Order of the Templars, who Would be the highest authority, he is appointed And holds the charge for life and So clearly the point of
970.52 Reference to all the order of Templars. So be careful, you notice.
980.4 As I had anticipated before in this Hierarchical scale are joined by Purely military hierarchies, but also
987.92 Simultaneously monastic and religious, Because it is an order that unites
993.32 These two elements.
1000.72 The Order of the Knights Templar clearly It has a secular life, so it’s huge, but also
1007.16 Very difficult to put everything together in one Speech. If you want to see the expansion Of the Templar Order,
1012.44 It can be summed up in some successes. Military. First of all, the Templars develop a lot
1017.8 Quickly, acquire territory, have a
1023.64 Very widespread control in the states Crusaders. They can also be compared to
1029.08 Police forces today for their Territorial presence, for capillarity, Because they are present in the various Villages, even in the smallest towns,
1034.52 There is a ramification on the Deep territory.
1043.12 And we can say that at the military level, In addition to security, we These are two great moments during the
1050.44 Crusades in which their function is Really. Important. The first historical moment, in fact, is between
1057.36 The First and Second Crusades, the King of Jerusalem Baldwin the Fourth, who is one of the figures
1062.8 More important, more Of the Crusader States. We’re going to make a documentary, it’s a
1069.24 Great ruler because at only 16 years old. It was an absolute phenomenon, and although it was
1075.48 Sick with leprosy and therefore He had a physical condition.
1080.72 Precarious, it proves A great leader and in Detail of the Battle of Montguisard
1088.28 In 1177 he faced one of his greatest enemies. Of the Crusader States, that is, the General
1095.96 Saladin. He was a general Kurdish that is It was a nightmare for the states. Crusaders.
1101.4 And beware, in this battle of Montguisard which has passed To the History,
1107.72 King Baldwin IV with only 2000 Crusaders, including of course the Templars, suddenly attack
1113.92 The Army Saladin who had Little More than 30,000 soldiers.
1120.76 So this is an action Tremendous courage, which It totally takes the
1125.8 Saved by Saladin. It also generates in Saladin an enormous respect For King Baldwin, who accomplished An extraordinary feat and therefore, In the context of subsequent clashes,
1131.88 He will save the kingdom of Jerusalem and the It will provide some protection.
1143.28 In this battle, the greatest Battle of King Baldwin IV and one of the The greatest achievements of the Crusaders in the Holy Land. The Templars were under the king’s orders.
1148.96 Baldwin IV and had a function Especially important to protect him.
1154.12 And in the management of territory.
1161.52 If we want to find another point, Another very moment in history
1167.04 Important for the Templars, certainly the The Third Crusade, the Battle The Battle of Arsouf occurred in 1191.
1174.04 On the one hand, we have a large Reigning, the King of England Richard Cuor
1180.04 Of Lion, That At the moment you are traveling with the His army in the Holy Land comes again
1186.76 Attacked by Saladin. Initially, a series of small Attacks, small guerrilla maneuvers Against the column of the English king, but then
1192.8 Make an important attack of Grosse Dimensions against the team.
1204.68 Christianity, and here we know from sources Ancient people who tell us in a way In other words, the Knights Templar
1211.6 They were in the front of the Drive column on the left side and
1216.84 They defend in an extraordinary way. Effective from the attack of Saladin the King
1222.48 English, and therefore They are then fundamental In their defense of the left flank for The victory that Riccardo Cuor will obtain
1230.32 Lion at the Battle of Arsouf. So, As you can see, the Templars are now part of
1236.0 Part of the Crusader armies. Participate in every possible situation,
1241.12 Even with roles of extreme trust. That is, they were also troops, and that was not
1246.24 It is to be underestimated that the troops on Which one could count, which would not Betrayed, that they would not escape or that
1252.92 They would not have Quarreled among them. Which for those who know the Crusades is not Definitely a secondary factor.
1262.88 However, there is a parenthesis that we must Open to the economic aspect, that is, we We have seen that the Knights
1269.88 Templars are monks, they are gods. Warriors, So being The Military
1275.24 And being Even the bodyguards of the pellegrini, there would be no theory
1281.56 Reasons to consider them a power Economical. And instead it is not Like this.
1286.72 In the sense that after a few decades of Their foundation, the Order of the Templars He begins to accumulate extraordinary
1293.56 Riches. The first Motivation lies in Christian culture Medieval, to make
1300.12 Donations or in your will, Donate your own The Catholic Church guarantees
1308.56 Access to paradise. So they start to be a whole series Donations to the Order of the Templars
1315.64 Part of thousands of believers, Christians Catholics, too, are beginning to Creating a real and
1322.28 Own heritage of the Templars that It expands rapidly during the
1327.72 Decades. There is then It should also be noted that very often the The Templars bought land,
1333.72 They were also landowners. In many parts of Europe and Of the Holy Land.
1339.52 And therefore being landowners He then allowed them to have laborers who
1345.0 They worked the land and allowed him to Sell agricultural products. So basically the Templars become
1350.92 Also a kind of agricultural entrepreneur Who sells the Surplus and also earns a lot from this
1357.28 Activities he has. There is Then the speech that the Templars, being present in the various
1363.88 Cities, even the smallest ones, They inevitably go into business.
1369.2 And so they manage, for example, the markets Local, invest in trade,
1375.28 Mainly in the Middle East, high-profile products, Luxury products.
1380.32 So the Templar is also a great Trader who draws Considerable profit from the trade of the whole
1386.56 That very rich area. And then you even get to.
1391.6 Establish by the Templars of real Financial services, based on
1396.76 As I said before, they were the Dwellings, the basic places of various Knights Templar.
1402.56 They set up institutions Funds for which they serve as cash Deposits and loans, not just the
1410.04 Individual, maybe I don’t know citizen or subject, But also the aristocrats, the others
1415.84 Knights, even kings, They put their property in the hands of the Templars.
1421.2 The Templars provide, grant loans with Interest rates also quite
1426.52 Interesting to them and thus become a Sort of precursors of banking products Which allow him
1432.2 To grow and earn more and more. They even earn. In what way? Let’s say they invent one
1438.0 Sort of check, that is, when there were Aristocrats in Europe The Christian Church
1444.84 They wanted to go to the Holy Land, it was It is dangerous for them to bring one.
1450.48 A bunch of money in territories like this Far away. What did the aristocrat do?
1456.44 Warrior prince? The notable was in Europe’s own money to a Representative of the Templars.
1463.96 That gave him a title. Credit that may well be Compared to a check and then
1469.96 He went to the Holy Land to collect it. As you can see, the Templars are They are practically able to process
1475.16 Economic and Financial Instruments Very advanced for their time, and That’s why.
1483.88 The Templar Order becomes Really. A structure
1489.96 Economic, and in fact become an Of the most powerful economic entities of the Middle Ages. And that makes you understand the
1496.04 Their earnings, they begin to Make loans or hold money, For example, the King of France and the King
1502.96 From England. They themselves make loans to the saint Seat, therefore
1508.12 They became the main medieval bankers. With the ability to manage assets
1514.08 Immense. And this is the moment of maximum splendor And of maximum power of the Templar Order,
1519.24 Who is a great spiritual protagonist, Warrior and at this point also
1526.0 Financial.
1533.44 In spite of this great glory and Enormous results, however, as the History of the Templars? That is, because there is the
1539.52 Decline Of such a powerful structure, organized And branched? He
1545.08 This, let’s say, is related to the History, that is, during the Crusades, hand
1550.12 Hand, the crusader states fall one after another The other is in the hands of Muslims.
1556.04 With the loss of the Crusader States, with the The loss of these Christian kingdoms.
1561.28 And therefore with the thinning of territories Under the control of the Crusaders. The Order of the Templars is also
1568.68 Find in Difficulty. Serious because that function is lost Military Protection of States and
1574.68 Protection of the pilgrims who was the Reason for their birth. No, as I explained before. So at this point the Order of the Templars
1581.44 He is in trouble and there are Important problems. So first of all there is this huge, Gigantic wealth that makes you envious
1589.4 To the mighty of the earth, that is, to. The King of France, the King Of England, perhaps even the Holy See
1595.08 Start to see with a little Distrust, that is, they do not fully trust
1600.36 Of this enormous, mighty order. It should be noted that over the decades
1607.28 Their reputation is also beginning to Have a meltdown, because if they come first
1613.16 Considered great knights to protect Of the Holy Land. Rumors are also spreading The people, that there is a mass of
1619.68 Corrupts that use, Let’s say, the Circumstances only to enrich themselves. Then heavy ones begin to be born.
1626.04 Suspicions about the Order of the Templars. Enemies begin to arise, A deep envy. Even the ordinary clergy, as I had you
1633.24 Anticipated at the beginning, he doesn’t really see the Templars of good eye,
1638.44 Because he can’t control them, because They have extraordinary autonomy. And then over time the situation
1646.08 Degenerates, but there is a ruler, a king, the king of France, which will be basically
1652.16 Define it a little Killer of the Templars who is Philip the Handsome. King Philip IV the Fair, King of France, had
1657.52 A serious problem: the crates The State were
1663.4 He was heavily indebted to the Templars and therefore no longer knew how
1669.92 Manage the situation. And then A little for envy, a little for fear Of their power and for matters purely
1675.48 Economic. He thinks of attacking, of disarticulating The Order of the Templars to appropriate the Their goods. So, as you can see, there are several
1680.72 Reasons.
1686.96 And then there is a very precise date, the 13th October 1307.
1692.92 There is a kind of blitz with which the officers Highest and Lieutenants of the King of France
1699.2 Suddenly they arrest in several cities And in several territories the main Members of the Templar Order.
1707.24 It should also be noted that the Not our custom, the Common place for which
1713.48 Friday the 13th brings bad luck, born Exactly from this one. There is From this
1718.8 Friday, October 13, 1307 which was dramatic for The Order of the Templars and therefore from this
1725.24 Historical moment Precise then it is Consolidated idea that Friday the 13th
1730.6 It’s a black day. We know from ancient chronicles that the The Templars did not resist, at least in
1735.96 France, but this blitz happened Which shocked Europe. And he started aside for
1742.44 The precise and clear will of Philip the Fair. He started a process where there were
1748.2 Very serious accusations. They were accused of being heretics.
1753.68 To practice superstition, to practice Something secret that escapes and It was a serious violation of Catholic rules.
1761.48 There were great accusations of immorality. And so it is clear that with these accusations The order is very serious
1768.2 The Templars were shaken to the core. There is also an interesting thing. The historian Franco Cardini observes,
1774.8 Let’s look at the manuscripts with the Reports of these processes that are Survived to this day,
1780.76 We see that the depositions of the suspects They look very similar, so you understand.
1788.0 These were organized trials. Among other things, the men of Philip the Fair
1793.32 Do not hesitate to use the Torture to extract confessions, a
1798.52 Sometimes they extort them by violence, But sometimes the Templars were objectively Guilty of various misdeeds of having
1805.04 Violated the order, so definitely There were major faults. These tortures confirmed all
1813.12 The accusations and thus the order, at least In France, it was practically
1818.72 Disarticulated. It wasn’t. in All European countries, for example in The Templars were protected by
1825.44 More, in Italy too. But. The blow had already been
1831.16 In the following years Philip Beauty is starting to put pressure Great pressure, really.
1837.84 Important about the then pontiff Pope Clement V. Clement V is therefore essentially
1845.96 Forced, also for political reasons, to In turn, it opens a long Process against the whole order
1852.96 Templars. And this is a bit for the Templars. Like, ruin. A massacre, because the process is
1859.12 Very long. The great Templar officers are coming He was repeatedly found guilty and
1865.68 The years really begin. Depressing, heavy,
1870.92 Deadly for the Order of the Templars. In fact, it must be said that one Great Some of the accusations are also confirmed and
1878.8 So you get to a Pretty tragic epilogue for this order Which is in 1312, with the papal bull
1887.8 vox in excelso, comes The dissolution of the Order of Templars and therefore clearly following
1894.8 This dissolution also has a whole Clearly confiscate their property and a Redistribution.
1900.88 Of these goods that To a large extent, they will go The King of France, who may be a
1907.6 Little considered The architect of the end of the great and Glorious for the Catholic Order
1914.28 Templars.
.
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